آموزش کامل جملات شرطی کامل در زبان انگلیسی
جملات شرطی کامل برای بیان شرایط و نتایج فرضی در گذشته استفاده میشوند. این جملات بر خلاف شرطی نوع سوم ساده، بر تأثیر مستمر یا کامل شده شرایط بر نتایج تأکید دارند.
| نوع شرطی | ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|
| شرطی نوع سوم کامل | If + past perfect, would have + past participle | If I had known, I would have helped. | اگر میدانستم، کمک کرده بودم. |
| شرطی نوع سوم کامل استمراری | If + past perfect, would have been + verb-ing | If I had taken that job, I would have been living in London now. | اگر آن شغل را پذیرفته بودم، الآن در لندن زندگی میکردم. |
| شرطی مخلوط نوع ۳ و ۲ | If + past perfect, would + infinitive | If you had studied harder, you would be at university now. | اگر بیشتر درس خوانده بودی، الآن در دانشگاه بودی. |
| شرطی مخلوط نوع ۲ و ۳ | If + past simple, would have + past participle | If I were more careful, I wouldn't have made that mistake. | اگر carefulتر بودم، آن اشتباه را مرتکب نمیشدم. |
این ساختار برای بیان فعالیتهای مستمری استفاده میشود که در گذشته میتوانستند اتفاق بیفتند اما اتفاق نیفتادند:
If I had accepted that job offer, I would have been working there for five years by now.
اگر آن پیشنهاد شغلی را پذیرفته بودم، الآن پنج سال میشد که آنجا کار میکردم.
If she hadn't missed the flight, she would have been traveling around Europe for a month now.
اگر پرواز را از دست نمیداد، الآن یک ماه میشد که در اروپا سفر میکرد.
If they had invested in that company, they would have been earning a fortune by now.
اگر در آن شرکت سرمایهگذاری کرده بودند، الآن ثروت زیادی به دست میآوردند.
| نوع | ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|
| نوع ۳ + ۲ (گذشته → حال) |
If + past perfect, would + infinitive | If I had learned Spanish, I would be fluent now. | اگر اسپانیایی یاد گرفته بودم، الآن مسلط بودم. |
| نوع ۲ + ۳ (حال → گذشته) |
If + past simple, would have + past participle | If I were smarter, I would have made better choices. | اگر باهوشتر بودم، انتخابهای بهتری کرده بودم. |
| نوع ۳ + ۱ (گذشته → آینده) |
If + past perfect, will + infinitive | If you had finished your degree, you will get a better job. | اگر مدرک تحصیلیات را تمام کرده بودی، شغل بهتری پیدا خواهی کرد. |
| نوع جمله | ساختار | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| مثبت | If + past perfect, would have + past participle | If I had known, I would have helped. |
| منفی | If + hadn't + past participle, wouldn't have + past participle | If I hadn't been busy, I would have come. |
| سوالی | Question word + would + subject + have + past participle + if + past perfect? | What would you have done if you had been in my position? |
If I had studied medicine, I would have become a doctor. (اگر پزشکی خوانده بودم، دکتر شده بودم.)
این جمله بر نتیجه نهایی (دکتر شدن) تأکید دارد.
If I had studied medicine, I would have been working as a doctor for ten years now. (اگر پزشکی خوانده بودم، الآن ده سال میشد که به عنوان دکتر کار میکردم.)
این جمله بر تداوم فعالیت (کار کردن به عنوان دکتر) تأکید دارد.
تعیین کنید که هر جمله از کدام نوع شرطی کامل است:
1. If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
2. If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
3. If she were more confident, she would have applied for the job.
4. If they had bought that house, they would have been living there for years.
5. If I had taken the train, I wouldn't have been stuck in traffic.
1. شرطی نوع سوم کامل
2. شرطی مخلوط نوع ۳ و ۲
3. شرطی مخلوط نوع ۲ و ۳
4. شرطی نوع سوم کامل استمراری
5. شرطی نوع سوم کامل
جملات زیر را با فرم صحیح فعل پر کنید:
1. If I __________ (know) about the party, I __________ (come).
2. If she __________ (study) harder, she __________ (be) at university now.
3. If they __________ (invite) me, I __________ (go) to their wedding.
4. If I __________ (have) your number, I __________ (call) you yesterday.
5. If he __________ (not/forget) his passport, he __________ (be) on the flight now.
1. If I had known about the party, I would have come.
2. If she had studied harder, she would be at university now.
3. If they had invited me, I would have gone to their wedding.
4. If I had had your number, I would have called you yesterday.
5. If he hadn't forgotten his passport, he would be on the flight now.
جملات زیر را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنید:
1. اگر هوا خوب بود، به پیادهروی رفته بودیم.
2. اگر انگلیسی بلد بودم، الآن در لندن زندگی میکردم.
3. اگر زودتر بیدار شده بودم، قطار را از دست نمیدادم.
4. اگر شجاعتر بودم، آن فرصت را از دست نمیدادم.
5. اگر توصیه تو را گوش کرده بودم، الآن در مشکل نمیبودم.
1. If the weather had been good, we would have gone for a walk.
2. If I knew English, I would be living in London now.
3. If I had woken up earlier, I wouldn't have missed the train.
4. If I were braver, I wouldn't have missed that opportunity.
5. If I had followed your advice, I wouldn't be in trouble now.