آموزش کامل فعل بودن در زمان حال و گذشته
فعل to be (بودن) یکی از مهمترین و پرکاربردترین افعال در زبان انگلیسی است. این فعل در جملات برای بیان هویت، خصوصیات، مکان و حالات به کار میرود.
فعل to be در زمان حال به سه شکل am، is و are استفاده میشود.
| ضمیر فاعلی | فعل to be | شکل مخفف | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | I'm | I am a student. | من یک دانشآموز هستم. |
| You | are | You're | You are my friend. | تو دوست من هستی. |
| He | is | He's | He is tall. | او قدبلند است. |
| She | is | She's | She is a doctor. | او یک دکتر است. |
| It | is | It's | It is a book. | این یک کتاب است. |
| We | are | We're | We are happy. | ما خوشحال هستیم. |
| They | are | They're | They are students. | آنها دانشآموز هستند. |
برای منفی کردن جملات، بعد از فعل to be کلمه not قرار میدهیم.
I am not a teacher. (من معلم نیستم)
He is not tired. (او خسته نیست)
They are not here. (آنها اینجا نیستند)
برای سوالی کردن جملات، فعل to be را به ابتدای جمله میبریم.
Are you happy? (آیا تو خوشحالی؟)
Is she a doctor? (آیا او دکتر است؟)
Are they at home? (آیا آنها در خانه هستند؟)
فعل to be در زمان گذشته به دو شکل was و were استفاده میشود.
| ضمیر فاعلی | فعل to be | شکل مخفف | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | was | - | I was at home. | من در خانه بودم. |
| You | were | You're | You were late. | تو دیر کردی. |
| He | was | He's | He was sick. | او مریض بود. |
| She | was | She's | She was happy. | او خوشحال بود. |
| It | was | It's | It was cold. | هوا سرد بود. |
| We | were | We're | We were friends. | ما دوست بودیم. |
| They | were | They're | They were here. | آنها اینجا بودند. |
برای منفی کردن جملات گذشته، بعد از was یا were کلمه not قرار میدهیم.
I was not at home. (من در خانه نبودم)
He was not angry. (او عصبانی نبود)
They were not tired. (آنها خسته نبودند)
برای سوالی کردن جملات گذشته، was یا were را به ابتدای جمله میبریم.
Were you at school? (آیا تو در مدرسه بودی؟)
Was she happy? (آیا او خوشحال بود؟)
Were they friends? (آیا آنها دوست بودند؟)
جملات زیر را با استفاده از شکل صحیح فعل to be کامل کنید:
1. She ______ a doctor. (is/am/are)
2. They ______ at home yesterday. (was/were)
3. I ______ not hungry. (am/is/are)
4. ______ you happy now? (Am/Is/Are)
5. He ______ not here last night. (was/were)
پاسخهای صحیح: 1. is, 2. were, 3. am, 4. Are, 5. was