آموزش کامل حالت وارونه در زبان انگلیسی
حالت وارونه یا Inversion به تغییر ترتیب عادی کلمات در جمله اشاره دارد. در انگلیسی، حالت وارونه معمولاً برای تأکید، ایجاد لحن رسمیتر یا در موقعیتهای خاص گرامری استفاده میشود. در این ساختار، فعل یا قسمت کمکی قبل از فاعل قرار میگیرد.
| نوع وارونگی | ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|---|
| سوالی | فعل کمکی + فاعل + فعل اصلی | Are you coming to the party? | آیا به مهمانی میآیی؟ |
| شرطی | حذف if + وارونگی | Had I known, I would have helped. | اگر میدانستم، کمک کرده بودم. |
| بعد از قیدهای منفی | قید منفی + فعل کمکی + فاعل | Never have I seen such a beautiful sight. | هرگز چنین منظره زیبایی ندیدهام. |
| بعد از only | only + حالت وارونه | Only then did I understand the problem. | فقط آن موقع مشکل را فهمیدم. |
| نوع شرطی | ساختار معمولی | ساختار با وارونگی |
|---|---|---|
| نوع اول | If you need help, let me know. | - (غیر معمول) |
| نوع دوم | If I were you, I would accept. | Were I you, I would accept. |
| نوع سوم | If I had known, I would have come. | Had I known, I would have come. |
| حالت مخلوط | If I had studied harder, I would have a better job now. | Had I studied harder, I would have a better job now. |
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
Rarely does he arrive on time.
Seldom have we encountered such difficulties.
Hardly had I left when it started to rain.
Scarcely had she finished speaking when the phone rang.
No sooner had we arrived than we had to leave again.
Not only does she speak French, but she also speaks Italian.
Under no circumstances should you open that door.
On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.
| ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| only + قید زمان | Only later did she realize her mistake. | فقط بعداً متوجه اشتباهش شد. |
| only + عبارت قیدی | Only by working hard can you succeed. | فقط با سخت کار کردن میتوانی موفق شوی. |
| only + after/before/when | Only after he left did I understand his words. | فقط بعد از اینکه رفت حرفش را فهمیدم. |
| only + if | Only if you promise to be careful will I lend you my car. | فقط اگر قول بدهی مراقب باشی، ماشینم را به تو قرض میدهم. |
Were I in your position, I would accept the offer. (به جای If I were...)
Had she known the truth, she would have acted differently. (به جای If she had known...)
Should you need any help, don't hesitate to contact me. (به جای If you should need...)
I enjoyed the movie, and so did my friends.
I can't speak Chinese, and neither can my sister.
She didn't finish her homework, and nor did I.
تعیین کنید کدام جمله نیاز به وارونگی دارد:
1. Never I have seen such a beautiful painting.
2. Only after the movie ended we realized who the killer was.
3. Not only she sings well, but she also plays the piano.
4. Hardly I had arrived when the meeting started.
5. Only my brother understands how this machine works.
1. Never have I seen such a beautiful painting. (نیاز به وارونگی دارد)
2. Only after the movie ended did we realize who the killer was. (نیاز به وارونگی دارد)
3. Not only does she sing well, but she also plays the piano. (نیاز به وارونگی دارد)
4. Hardly had I arrived when the meeting started. (نیاز به وارونگی دارد)
5. Only my brother understands how this machine works. (نیاز به وارونگی ندارد - only به فاعل اشاره میکند)
جملات شرطی زیر را با استفاده از حالت وارونه بازنویسی کنید:
1. If I were you, I would apologize.
2. If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
3. If you should see Tom, give him this message.
4. If I had known about the problem, I would have helped.
5. If she were here, she would know what to do.
1. Were I you, I would apologize.
2. Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
3. Should you see Tom, give him this message.
4. Had I known about the problem, I would have helped.
5. Were she here, she would know what to do.
جملات زیر را با استفاده از حالت وارونه تصحیح کنید:
1. No sooner I had arrived than the phone rang.
2. Not only she is a great singer, but she is also an excellent dancer.
3. Only after the concert we discovered that we had lost our tickets.
4. Rarely I have read such an interesting book.
5. Under no circumstances you should touch this button.
1. No sooner had I arrived than the phone rang.
2. Not only is she a great singer, but she is also an excellent dancer.
3. Only after the concert did we discover that we had lost our tickets.
4. Rarely have I read such an interesting book.
5. Under no circumstances should you touch this button.